原文:1液压泵的供油形式直轴斜盘式柱塞泵分为压力供油型的自吸油型两种。压力供油型液压泵多数接纳有大气的压力的油箱,也有液压泵本身带有补油分泵向液压泵进油口提供压力油的。自吸油型液压泵的自吸油能力很强,无需外力供油。靠大气的压力供油的液压油箱,在每次启动呆板后,水泵控制柜必须等液压渍箱达到使用大气的压力后,才能操作机械。如液压油箱的大气的压力不足时就担任呆板,会对液压泵内的与滑鞭造成拉脱征象,出会造成泵体内回程板与压板的非正常磨耗。接纳补油泵供油的柱塞泵,使用3000h后,操作人员每日需对柱塞泵检查1-2次,检查液压泵运转声响是不是正常。如发现液压缸速度降落或闷车时,就应该对补油泵解体检查,检查叶轮边沿是不是有刮伤征象,内齿轮泵间隙是不是过大。对于自吸油型柱塞泵,液压油箱内的油液不患上低于油标下限,要连结足够数目的液压油。液压油的清洁度越高,液压泵的使用寿命越长。2液压泵用轴承柱塞泵最重要的部件是轴承,如果轴承出现游隙,则不能保证液压泵内部三对摩擦副的正常间隙,同时也会破坏各摩擦副的静液压支承油膜厚度,降低柱塞泵轴承的使用寿命。据液压泵制造厂提供的资料,轴承的平均使用寿命为10000h,跨越此值就需要更换新口。拆卸下来的轴承,没有专业检测仪器是无法检测出轴承的游隙的,只能接纳目测,如发现滚柱表面有划痕或变色,就必须更换。在更换轴承时,应注意原轴承的英文字母和型号,柱塞泵轴承多数接纳大载荷容量轴承,最佳购买原厂家,原规格的产品,如果更换另一种品牌,应就教对轴承有经验的人员查表对换,目的是连结轴承的精度等级和载荷容量。3三对摩擦副检查与修复3.1柱塞杆与缸体孔表1为柱塞泵零件的更换规范,当表中所列的各种间隙超差时,可按下述方法修复:(1)缸体镶装铜套的,可以接纳更换铜套的方法修复。首先把一组柱塞杆处径修整到统一尺寸,再用1000#以上的砂纸打光外径。缸体安装铜套的三种方法:(a)缸体加温热装或铜套低温冷冻挤压,过盈装配;(b)采有乐泰胶粘着装配,这咱方法要求铜外套外径表面有沟槽;(c)缸孔攻丝,铜套外径加工螺纹,涂乐泰胶后,旋入装配。(2)熔烧结合方式的缸体与铜套,供水装备修复方法如下:(a)接纳研磨棒,手工或机械方法研磨修复缸孔;(b)接纳座标镗床,重新镗缸体孔;(c)接纳铰刀修复缸体孔。⑶接纳"表面工程技能",方法如下:(a)电镀技能:在柱塞表面镀一层硬铬;(b)电刷镀技能:在柱塞表面刷镀耐磨材料;(c)热喷涂或电弧喷涂或电喷涂:喷涂高碳马氏体耐磨材料;(d)激光熔敷:在柱塞表面熔敷高硬度耐磨合金粉末。(4)缸体孔无铜套的缸体材料多数是球墨铸铁的,在缸体内壁上制备非晶态薄膜或涂层。因为缸体孔内壁有了这类特殊物质,所以才能构成硬-硬配对的摩擦副。如果认识不清地研磨缸体孔,把缸体孔内壁这层表面材料研掉,摩擦更加的结构性能也就转变了。被去掉涂层的摩擦副,如果强行使用,就会摩擦面温度急剧升高,柱塞杆与缸孔发生橡胶合。另外在柱塞杆表面制备一种独特的薄膜涂层,涂层含有减磨+耐磨+润滑功能,这组摩擦副实际还是硬-软配对,一旦人地转变涂层,也就破坏了最佳配对材料的摩擦副,修理这些特殊的柱塞泵,就要送到专业修理厂。3.2滑靴与斜盘滑靴与斜盘的滑动摩擦是斜盘柱塞泵三对摩擦副中最为复杂的一对。表1列出柱塞杆球头与滑靴球窝的间隙,如果柱塞与滑靴间隙超差,柱塞腔中的高压油就会从柱塞球头与滑靴间隙中泄出,滑靴与斜盘油膜减薄,严重时会造成静压支承失效,滑靴与斜盘发生金属接触摩擦,滑靴烧蚀脱落,液下泵柱塞球头划伤斜盘。柱塞杆球头与滑靴球窝超出公差1.5倍时,必须成组更换之。柱塞杆与缸孔柱塞杆直径φ16φ20φ25φ30φ35φ40规范间隙0.015 0.025 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040极限间隙0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090柱塞杆球头与滑靴球窝规范间隙0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020极限间隙0.30 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.35斜盘作用一段时间后,斜盘平面会出现内凹征象,在接纳平台研磨前,首先应测量原始尺寸和平面硬度。研磨后,再测出研磨量是多少,如在0.18之内,对柱塞泵使用无防碍;如果超出0.2mm以上,则应接纳氮化的方法来连结原本的氮化层厚度。斜盘平面被柱塞球头刮削出沟槽时,可接纳激光熔敷合金粉末的方法进行修复。激光熔敷技能既可保证材料的结合强度,又能保证补熔材料的硬度,且不全降低周边组织的硬度。也顺以接纳铬相焊条进行手工堆焊,补焊过的斜盘平面需重新热处理,最佳接纳氮化炉热处理。不管采纳哪种方法修复斜盘,都必须恢回复复兴有的尺寸精度、硬度和表面粗拙度。3.3配流盘与缸体配流面的修复配流盘有平面配流和球面配流两种形式。球面配流的摩擦副,在缸体配流面划痕比较浅时,通过研磨手段修复;缸体配流面沟槽较深时,应先接纳"表面工程技能"手段填平沟槽后,潜水泵再进行研磨,不成认识不清研磨,以防铜层变薄或漏油出钢基。平面配流形式的摩擦副可以精度比较高的平台长进行研磨。缸体和配流盘在研磨前,应先测量总厚度尺寸和应当研磨掉的尺寸,再补偿到调整垫上。配流盘研磨量较大时,研磨后应重新热处理,以确保淬硬层硬度(见表2)。表2柱塞泵零件硬度规范柱塞杆推荐硬件HS84柱塞杆球头推荐硬度HS90斜盘表面推荐硬度HS90配流盘推荐硬度HS90缸体与配流盘修复后,可接纳下述方法检查配合面的泄漏情况,胶体磨即在配流盘面涂上凡士林油,把泄油道堵死,涂好油配流盘平放在平台或平板玻璃上,再把缸体放在配流盘上,在缸孔中注入柴油,要间隔注油,即一个孔注油,一个孔不注油,观察4h以上,柱塞孔中柴油无泄露和通同,说明缸体与配流盘研磨及格。4结语柱塞泵使用寿命的是非,与日常平凡的维护保养,液压油的数目和质量,油液清洁度等有关。避免油液中的颗粒对柱塞泵摩擦副造成磨耗等,也是延长柱塞泵寿命的有效路子。在维修中更换零件应尽量使用原厂生产的零件,这些零件有时比其他仿制的零件价格要贵,但质量及稳定性要好,如果购买售价便宜的仿制零件,短时间内似乎是节省了费用,但由此出带来了隐患,也可能对柱塞泵的使用造成更大的危害。
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译文:A hydraulic pump in the oil form Swashplate axial piston pump directly into pressure from the suction-type oil-based two.Most of the pressure oil-type hydraulic pump with apressure tank,also make up the oil pump itself with the slave cylinder to the pump inlet to provide pressure oil.Suction-type hydraulic pump from avery strong self-absorbing,no external oil supply.Hydraulic oil tank by air pressure,after each time you start the machine,must wait to use hydraulic pressure Magnetic pumpsstains box only after the operating machinery.Such as the lack of hydraulic pressure when the tank as amachine,and slip inside the pump will cause whip pull off phenomenon,the body will cause the pump non-return plate and the plate normal wear and tear.Using up fuel supply to the piston,using 3000h,the operator needs adaily check of the piston pump 1-2 times,check the pump operation sounds are normal.Found to decrease the speed of hydraulic cylinder or boring car,you should pump up the disintegration of checks,check whether there are scratches impeller edge phenomenon,space within the gear pump is too large.For the self-suction type plunger pump,hydraulic oil tank shall not be less than the oil within the standard limit,to maintain asufficient number of hydraulic oil.Cleanliness of hydraulic oil higher,longer service life of hydraulic pumps.2 hydraulic pump bearings The most important part is the piston bearings in bearing clearance if you can not guarantee that the internal pump friction pairs and three pairs of normal space,but also undermine the friction pair hydrostatic bearing oil film thickness,reducing piston pump bearings life.According to information provided by pump manufacturers,bearing an average service life 10000h,this value would need to be replaced over the new port.Disassembled bearings,no professional testing equipment is not detected bearing clearance,but to use visual,such as found in roller surface scratches or discoloration,it must be replaced.The replacement sho uld take the original bearing the letters and type,piston bearings with large load capacity of bearing most of the best to buy the original manufacturer,the original specifications,if the replacement of another brand,they should consult an experienced bearing The staff look-up table of the exchange,the aim of maintaining the accuracy level and load bearing capacity.3,three pairs of friction Vice inspection and repair 3.1 plunger rod and cylinder bore Table 1shows the standard replacement piston pump parts,all listed in the table when the ultra-poor gap,the method of repair according to the following:(1)copper cylinder Xiang sets installed,can be used to replace copper sleeve for remediation.First of all,to apiston rod diameter trimmed to uniform size,then#1000 sandpaper polished outer diameter of more than.Copper cylinder installed three sets of methods:(A)install or copper cylinder plus warm set of cryogenic extrusion,assembly interference;(B)was adopted with Loctite adhesive assembly,It argues method requires the surface diameter of copper trench coat;(C)cylinder hole tapping,copper sleeve OD threading,coating Loctite glue,the screw assembly.(2)The melting and copper binding mode of the cylinder sleeve,repair as follows:(A)use of ground rods,manual or Suber-water pumpsmechanical grinding repair cylinder bore;(B)coordinate boring machine used to re-boring cylinder hole;(C)hole with reamer cylinder repair.⑶The"surface engineering",as follows:(A)Plating:in alayer of hard chromium plated piston;(B)Brush Technique:Brush the surface of wear-resistant material in the plunger;(C)thermal spraying,or spraying or electric arc spraying:spraying wear-resistant materials,high-carbon martensite;(D)Laser cladding:the plunger surface,high hardness,wear-resistant alloy cladding powder.(4)no copper sleeve cylinder bore materials are mostly ductile iron cylinder block,cylinder walls were prepared in the amorphous film or coating.Because the cylinder bore wall with this special material,so to form ahard-hard matching friction deputy.If the blind hole grinding cylinder,the cylinder bore wall surface materials research out this layer,more of the structure and properties of friction also changed.Vice-friction coating to be removed,if forced to use,it will dramatically increase the temperature of friction surface,the plunger rod and cylinder Kong Fasheng glue.Also in the plunger rod in aunique thin film prepared on the surface coating,coating with less wear+wearable+lubrication function,this group vice actual friction or hard-soft match,if people change the coating,thus undermining the most good pair of friction material products,and repair these special piston pump,we should sent to the professional repair shop.3.2 with the oblique plate slipper Slipper and the swashplate sliding friction is friction swashplate piston pump three pairs of the most complex,deputy pair.Table 1lists the plunger rod ball ball and socket head and slipper gap,if the piston and slipper gap tolerance,high-pressure plunger chamber oil will head from the plunger ball and slipper gap escape,sliding boots with the oblique plate film thinning,and in severe failure caused by hydrostatic bearing,sliding shoe contacts with the metal swashplate friction,ablation Slipper off,scratch swashplate ball plunger.Plunger rod ball and slipper ball beyond the tolerance of 1.5 times,weScrew pumps must change the group.Piston rod and cylinder bore Piston rod diameterφ16φ20φ25φ30φ35φ40 Standard 0.015 0.025 0.025 0.030 0.035 Gap 0.040 Limit 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 Gap 0.090 Plunger rod ball Ball and socket standard with slipper gap 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 Limit 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 Gap 0.35 The role of oblique plate some time after the plane swashplate phenomenon appears concave,in the use of platform before grinding,the first plane to be measured and the hardness of the original size.Ground,then measure the Grind Measure how much,if less than 0.18,not hinder the use of the piston;If you exceed 0.2mm above methods should be used to maintain the original nitride nitride layer.Swashplate plane was scraped groove ball plunger when the alloy powder laser cladding can be used the method of repair.Laser cladding technology can ensure the combination of material strength,and guarantee up melting the hardness,and not all reduce the hardness of the surrounding tissue.Also electrodes along with use of chromium with manual welding,repair welding over the inclined plate surface to be re-heat treatment,preferably nitrogen furnace heat treatment.In either case repair swashplate,must restore the original size precision,hardness and surface roughness.3.3 port plate and the cylinder surface with flow restoration Aflat valve plate assignment Self-priming pumpsand two forms spherical assignment.Spherical Flow of friction pairs,face scratches in the cylinder with relatively shallow stream,through the grinding means to repair;cylinder with flow surface grooves deeper,they would first use of"surface engineering"means filled trench,then grinding not blindly grinding,to prevent the copper layer becomes thin or leaking out of steel base.Planar forms of friction with the Deputy can flow relatively high precision grinding platform.Cylinder and valve plate in the ground,before measuring the total thickness of the size and the size should be ground off,and then adjust the compensation to the mat.Valve plate mill is large,should be re-heat treatment after grinding to ensure that hardened layer hardness(see Table 2).Table 2Hardness standard piston parts Recommended hardware HS84 plunger rod Recommended ball plunger rod hardness HS90 Recommended swashplate surface hardness HS90 Recommended valve plate hardness HS90 Cylinder block and valve plate repaired,the following method can be used with the surface of the leak check,Chemical pumps the flow in the disk coated with petroleum jelly,to discharge oil path blocked,the oil well valve plate coated flat on the platform or plate glass on then on the valve plate on the cylinder,diesel fuel injection hole in the tank to fuel injection interval,or ahole in the fuel injection,a hole is not oiling,observed more than 4h,the plunger holes diesel no leakage and collusion,indicating cylinder and Assignment disc grinding pass.4 Conclusion Pump length of life,and the usual maintenance,quality and quantity of hydraulic oil,oil cleanliness and so on.To avoid the pellet on the piston friction caused by wear and other vice,but also an effective way to extend piston life.Replacement of parts in the repair should be produced using original parts,these parts are sometimes modeled prices for parts than other more expensive,but better quality and stability,if the purchase price of cheap imitation parts in the short term appears to be cost savings,But this brings out the hidden dangers may be caused by the use of the piston pump more damage.
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